Rare Form of Blindness Linked to Popular Weight Loss and Diabetes Drugs

In a recent study published in JAMA Ophthalmology, researchers have identified a potential link between the use of semaglutide medications, such as Ozempic and Wegovy, and an increased risk of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). NAION is a rare condition causing sudden, painless vision loss in one eye, often described as an eye stroke.

In a recent study published in JAMA Ophthalmology, researchers have identified a potential link between the use of semaglutide medications, such as Ozempic and Wegovy, and an increased risk of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). NAION is a rare condition causing sudden, painless vision loss in one eye, often described as an eye stroke.

The study, conducted at Mass Eye and Ear, observed an unusual clustering of NAION cases among patients using semaglutide drugs. While the condition itself is rare (affecting up to 10 out of 100,000 people), the study found that individuals with diabetes or obesity who were prescribed semaglutide were significantly more likely to develop NAION. Specifically, those with diabetes were over four times more likely, while those who were overweight or obese faced more than seven times higher risk.

It's important to note that the study does not establish a direct cause-and-effect relationship between semaglutide use and NAION. However, the findings suggest a potential association that warrants further investigation. Novo Nordisk, the manufacturer of these medications, emphasized that the data is preliminary and insufficient to confirm causality.

Semaglutide drugs, which are widely used for managing diabetes and obesity due to their effectiveness in improving blood sugar control and aiding weight loss, have shown other potential ocular effects such as diabetic retinopathy. These drugs work by stimulating insulin production to regulate blood sugar levels, which can impact eye health.

Experts advise that despite this potential risk, the overall benefits of semaglutide medications in managing diabetes and obesity outweigh the risks for most patients. Physicians are encouraged to discuss the possibility of NAION and other ocular complications with patients considering or currently using semaglutide. Patients should be vigilant for any visual changes and consult their healthcare providers promptly if symptoms arise.

In conclusion, while the study highlights a concerning association between semaglutide use and NAION, the absolute risk remains relatively low. Continued research is essential to fully understand the relationship and ensure patient safety in the use of these medications.